References

Akizawa, N., Arai, S., Tamura, A. & Uesugi, J., 2011. Chromite and uvarovite in rodingite from the lowermost crust of Oman ophiolite: Cr mobility in hydrothermal condition. In: Japan Geoscience Union Meeting. Japan Geoscience Union, Makuhari, Chiba, Japan, SCG067-01.

Allan, J. F., Sack, R. O. & Batiza, R., 1988. Cr-rich spinels as petrogenetic indicators: MORB-type lavas from the Lamont seamount chain, eastern Pacific. American Mineralogist, 73: 741-753.

Amstutz, A., 1962. Notice puor une carte géologique de la Vallée de Cogne et de quelches autres espaces au Sud d'Aoste. Archives des Sciences de Genève, 15: 1-104.

Angiboust, S. & Agard, P., 2010. Initial water budget: The key to detaching large volumes of eclogitized oceanic crust along the subduction channel? Lithos, 120: 453–474. (doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2010.09.007)

Angiboust, S., Agard, P., Jolivet, L. & Beyssac, O., 2009. The Zermatt-Saas ophiolite: the largest (60-km wide) and deepest (c. 70–80 km) continuous slice of oceanic lithosphere detached from a subduction zone? Terra Nova, 21: 171-180. (doi:10.1111/j.1365-3121.2009.00870.x)

Austrheim, H. & Prestvik, T., 2008. Rodingitization and hydration of the oceanic lithosphere as developed in the Leka ophiolite, north–central Norway. Lithos, 104: 177-198. (doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2007.12.006)

Bach, W. & Klein, F., 2009. The petrology of seafloor rodingites: Insights from geochemical reaction path modeling. Lithos, 112: 103-117. (doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2008.10.022)

Barnicoat, A. C. & Fry, N., 1986. High-pressure metamorphism of the Zermatt-Sass ophiolite, Switzerland. Journal of Geological Society London, 143: 607-618. (doi:10.1144/gsjgs.143.4.0607)

Bearth, P., 1967. Die ophiolite der Zone von Zermatt-Saas Fee. Beiträge Geologische Karte Schweitz, 132: 1-130.

Bearth, P., 1976. Zur Gliederung der Bündnerschiefer in der Region von Zermatt. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae, 69: 149-161.

Beccaluva, L., Dal Piaz, G. V. & Macciotta, G., 1984. Transitional to normal MORB ophiolitic metabasites from the Zermatt-Saas, Combin and Antrona units, western Alps: implications for the paleogeografic evolution of the western Tethyan basin. Geologie en Mijnbouw, 63: 165-177.

Bortolami, G. & Dal Piaz, G. V., 1968. I filoni di gabbro rodingitici di Givoletto e Casellette nel massiccio ultrabasico di Lanzo (Torino). Bollettino della Società Geologica Italiana, 87(3): 479-490.

Bucher, K., Fazis, Y., de Capitani, C. & Grapes, R., 2005. Blueschists, eclogites, and decompression assemblages of the Zermatt-Saas ophiolite: High-pressure metamorphism of subducted Tethys lithosphere. American Mineralogist, 90: 821-835. (doi:10.2138/am.2005.1718)

Bucher, K. & Grapes, R., 2009. The eclogite-facies Allalin gabbro of the Zermatt-Saas ophiolite, Western Alps: a record of subduction zone hydration. Journal of Petrology, 50(8): 1405-1442. (doi:10.1093/petrology/egp035)

Caron, J. M., Polino, R., Pognante, U., Lombardo, B., Lardeaux, J. M., Lagabrielle, Y., Gosso, G. & Allenbach, B., 1984. Ou sont les sutures majeures dans les Alpes internes? (transversale Briançon-Torino). Memorie della Società Geologica Italiana, 29: 71-78.

Cartwright, I. & Barnicoat, A. C., 2002. Petrology, geochronology, and tectonics of shear zones in the Zermatt-Saas and Combin zones of the Western Alps. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 20: 263-281. (doi:10.1046/j.0263-4929.2001.00366.x)

Castelli, D., Rolfo, F. & Rossetti, P., 1995. Petrology of ore-bearing rodingite veins from the Balangero asbestos mine (Western Alps). In: Studies of metamorphic rocks and minerals of the Western Alps (edited by Lombardo, B.). Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Torino, 13: 153-189.

Chinner, G. A. & Dixon, J. E., 1973. Some high pressure parageneses of the Allalin gabbro, Valais, Switzerland. Journal of Petrology, 14: 185-202. (doi:10.1093/petrology/14.2.185)

Coleman, R. G., 1967. Low-temperature reaction zones and alpine ultramafic rocks of California, Oregon and Washington. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin, 1247: 1-49.

Cornelius, H. P., 1912. Petrographische Untersuchengen in den Bergen zwischen Septimer und Julierpass. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Gelogie und Paläontologie, 35: 374-498.

Dal Piaz, G. V., 1965. La formazione mesozoica dei calcescisti con pietre verdi fra la Valsesia e la Valtournanche ed i suoi rapporti strutturali con il ricroprimento del Monte Rosa e con la Zona Sesia-Lanzo. Bollettino della Società Geologica Italiana, 84: 67-104.

Dal Piaz, G. V., 1967. Le "granatiti" (rodingiti L. S.) nelle serpentine delle Alpi occidentali italiane. Memorie della Società Geologica Italiana, 6: 267-313.

Dal Piaz, G. V., 1969. Filoni rodingitici e zone di reazione a bassa temperatura al contatto tettonico tra serpentine e rocce incassanti nelle Alpi Occidentali italiane. Rendiconti della Società Italiana di Mineralogia e Petrologia, 25: 263-316.

Dal Piaz, G. V., 1974. Le métamorphisme de haute pression et basse température dans l'évolution structurale du bassin ophiolitique alpino-apenninique. Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, 54(2/3): 399-424.

Dal Piaz, G. V., 1999. The Austroalpine-Piedmont nappe stack and the puzzle of Alpine Tethys. In: 3rd workshop on Alpine geological studies. (edited by Gosso, G., Jadoul, F., Sella, M. & Spalla, M. I.). Memorie di Scienze Geologiche. Società Cooperativa Tipografica, Padova, Italy, 51: 155-176.

Dal Piaz, G. V., Di Battistini, G., Gosso, G. & Venturelli, G., 1980. Rodingitic gabbro dykes and rodingitic reaction zones in the upper Valtournanche-Breuil area, Piemonte ophiolite nappe, Italian Western Alps. Archives des Sciences de Genève, 33(2-3): 161-179.

Dal Piaz, G. V. & Ernst, W. G., 1978. Areal geology and petrology of eclogites and associated metabasites of the Piemonte ophiolite nappe, Breuil-St. Jacques area, Italian Western Alps. Tectonophysics, 51: 99-126. (doi:10.1016/0040-1951(78)90053-7)

Dal Piaz, G. V., Venturelli, G., Spadea, P. & Di Battistini, G., 1981. Geochemical features of metabasalts and metagabbros from the Piemonte ophiolite nappe, Italian Western Alps. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Abhandlungen, 142(3): 248-269.

De Giusti, F., Dal Piaz, G. V., Schiavo, A., Massironi, M., Monopoli, B. & Bistacchi, A., 2003. Carta geotettonica della Valle d’Aosta. Memorie di Scienze Geologiche, 55: 129-149.

Dubińska, E., Bylina, P. & Kozłowsky, A., 2004. Garnets from lower Silesia rodingites: constraints from their chemistry. Polskie Towarzystwo Mineralogiczne – Prace Specjalne, 24: 135-139.

Ernst, W. G. & Dal Piaz, G. V., 1978. Mineral parageneses of eclogitic rocks and related mafic schists of the Piemonte ophiolite nappe, Breuil-St Jacques area, Italian Western Alps. American Mineralogist, 63: 621-640.

Ferrando, S., Frezzotti, M. L., Orione, P., Conte, R. C. & Compagnoni, R., 2010. Late-Alpine rodingitization in the Bellecombe meta-ophiolites (Aosta Valley, Italian Western Alps): evidence from mineral assemblages and serpentinization-derived H2-bearing brine. International Geology Review, 52(10-12): 1220-1243. (doi:10.1080/00206810903557761)

Fontana, E., Panseri, M. & Tartarotti, P., 2008. Oceanic relict textures in the Mount Avic serpentinets, Western Alps. Ofioliti, 33(2): 105-118.

Frezzotti, M. L., Selverstone, J., Sharp, Z. D. & Compagnoni, R., 2011. Carbonate dissolution during subduction revealed by diamond-bearing rocks from the Alps. Nature Geoscience, 4(10): 703-706. (doi:10.1038/ngeo1246)

Frost, B. R., 1975. Contact metamorphism of serpentinite, chloritic blackwall and rodingite at Paddy-Go-Easy Pass, Central Cascades, Washington. Journal of Petrology, 16(2): 272-313. (doi:10.1093/petrology/16.2.272)

Frost, B. R., Beard, J. S., McCaig, A. & Condliffe, E., 2008. The formation of micro-rodingites from IODP Hole U1309D: Key to understanding the process of serpentinization. Journal of Petrology, 49(9): 1579-1588. (doi:10.1093/petrology/egn038)

Gnos, E. & Armbruster, T., 2006. Relationship among metamorphic grade, vesuvianite "rod polytypism", and vesuvianite composition. American Mineralogist, 91: 862-870. (doi:10.2138/am.2006.1973)

Groppo, C., Beltrando, M. & Compagnoni, R., 2009. The P–T path of the ultra-high pressure Lago Di Cignana and adjoining high-pressure meta-ophiolitic units: insights into the evolution of the subducting Tethyan slab. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 27: 207-231. (doi:10.1111/j.1525-1314.2009.00814.x)

Hey, M. H., 1954. A new review of the chlorites. Mineralogical Magazine, 30: 277-292. (doi:10.1180/minmag.1954.030.224.01)

Hobbs, B. E., Ord, A., Spalla, M. I., Gosso, G. & Zucali, M., 2010. The interaction of deformation and metamorphic reactions. In: Advances in interpretation of geologic processes: Refinement of multi-scale data and itegration in numerical modelling (edited by Spalla, M. I., Marotta, A. M. & Gosso, G.). Geological Society of London Special Publications, 332: 189-222.

Honnorez, J. & Kirst, P., 1975. Petrology of rodingites from the equatorial Mid-Atlantic fracture zones and their geotectonic significance. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 49: 233-257. (doi:10.1007/BF00376590)

Kobayashi, S. & Kaneda, H., 2010. Rodingite with Ti- and Cr-rich vesuvianite from Sartuohai chromium deposit, Xinjiang, China. Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences, 105: 112-122. (doi:10.2465/jmps.081224)

Li, X. P., Rahn, M. & Bucher, K., 2004a. Metamorphic processes in rodingites of the Zermatt-Saas ophiolite. International Geology Review, 46: 28-51. (doi:10.2747/0020-6814.46.1.28)

Li, X. P., Rahn, M. & Bucher, K., 2004b. Serpentinites of the Zermatt-Saas ophiolite complex and their texture evolution. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 22: 159-177. (doi:10.1111/j.1525-1314.2004.00503.x)

Li, X. P., Rahn, M. & Bucher, K., 2008. Eclogite facies metarodingites – phase relations in the system SiO2-Al2O3-Fe2O3-FeO-MgO-CaO-CO2-H2O: an example from the Zermatt-Saas ophiolite. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 26: 347-364. (doi:10.1111/j.1525-1314.2008.00761.x)

Locock, A. J., 2008. An Excel spreadsheet to recast analyses of garnet into end-member components, and a synopsis of the crystal chemistry of natural silicate garnets. Computers and Geosciences, 34: 1769-1780. (doi:10.1016/j.cageo.2007.12.013)

Martin, S., Rebay, G., Kienast, J. R. & Mevel, C., 2008. An ophiolitic palaeo-hydrothermal field metamorphosed in the eclogite-facies from the Italian western Alps, Saint Marcel valley. Ofioliti, 33: 49-63.

Martin, S. & Tartarotti, P., 1989. Polyphase HP metamorphism in the ophiolitic glaucophanites of the lower St. Marcel valley (Aosta, Italy). Ofioliti, 14(3): 135-156.

Messiga, B., Piccardo, G. B. & Ernst, W. G., 1983. High-pressure eo-alpine parageneses developed in magnesian metagabbros, Gruppo di Voltri, Western Liguria, Italy. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 83: 1-15. (doi:10.1007/BF00373074)

Mogessie, A. & Rammlamair, D., 1994. Occurrence of zoned uvarovite-grossular garnet in a rodingite from the Vumba Schist Belt, Botswana, Africa: implications for the origin of rodingites. Mineralogical Magazine, 58: 375-386. (doi:10.1180/minmag.1994.058.392.03)

Morimoto, N., 1988. Nomenclature of pyroxenes. Mineralogical Magazine, 52: 535-550. (doi:10.1180/minmag.1988.052.367.15)

Nicolas, A., 1966. Etude pétrochimique des Roches vertes et de leurs minéraux entre Dora Maïra et Grand Paradis. Le complexe Ophiolites-Schistes lustrés entre Dora Maïra et Grand Paradis. Tectonique et métamorphisme. Thése d’État, Nantes.

Nyunt,T.T., Theye, T. & Massonne, H.-J., 2009. Na-rich vesuvianite in jadeitite of the Tawmaw jade district, northern Myanmar. Periodico di Mineralogia, 78(3): 5-18.

O’Hanley, D. S., Schandl, E. S. & Wicks, F. J., 1992. The origin of rodingites from Cassiar, British Columbia, and their use to estimate T and P(H2O) during serpentinization. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 56: 97-108. (doi:10.1016/0016-7037(92)90119-4)

Palandri, J. L. & Reed, M. H., 2004. Geochemical models of metasomatism in ultramafic systems: Serpentinization, rodingitization, and sea floor carbonate chimney precipitation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 68(5): 1115-1133. (doi:10.1016/j.gca.2003.08.006)

Panseri, M., Fontana, E. & Tartarotti, P., 2008. Evolution of rodingitic dykes: metasomatism and metamorphism in the Mount Avic serpentinites (Alpine ophiolites, Southern Aosta Valley). Ofioliti, 33(2): 165-185.

Passchier, C. W. & Trouw, R. A. J., 2005. Microtectonics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York.

Pfeiffer, H. R., Colombi, A. & Ganguin, J., 1989. Zermatt-Saas and Antrona Zone: a petrogenetic and geochemical comparison of polyphase metamorphic ophiolites of the Western-Central Alps. Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, 69: 217-236.

Piccardo, G. B., Messiga, B. & Cimmino, F., 1980. Antigoritic serpentinites and rodingites of the Voltri Massif; some petrological evidences for their evolutive history. Ofioliti, 5(1): 111-114.

Pitcher, W. S. & Flinn, G. W., 1965. Controls of Metamorphism. A symposium under the auspices of the Liverpool Geological Society. Oliver & Boyd, Edimburg, London.

Polino, R., Dal Piaz, G. V. & Gosso, G., 1990. Tectonic erosion at the Adria margin and accretionary processes for the Cretaceous orogeny of the Alps. Mémoires de la Société géologique de France, 156: 345-367.

Puga, E., Nieto, J. M., Díaz de Federico, A., Bodinier, J. L. & Morten, L., 1999. Petrology and metamorphic evolution of ultramafic rocks and dolerite dykes of the Betic Ophiolitic Association (Mulhacén Complex, SE Spain): evidence of eo-Alpine subduction following an ocean-floor metasomatic process. Lithos, 49: 23-56. (doi:10.1016/S0024-4937(99)00035-3)

Rebay, G., Spalla, M. I. & Zanoni, D., 2012. Interaction of deformation and metamorphism during subduction and exhumation of hydrated oceanic mantle: Isights from the Western Alps. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 30: 687-702. (doi:10.1111/j.1525-1314.2012.00990.x)

Reddy, S. M., Wheeler, J. & Cliff, R. A., 1999. The geometry and timing of orogenic extension; an example from the Western Italian Alps. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 17(5): 573-589. (doi:10.1046/j.1525-1314.1999.00220.x)

Reinecke, T., 1991. Very high pressure metamorphism and uplift of coesite-bearing metasediments from the Zermatt-Saas Zone, Western Alps. European Journal of Mineralogy, 10: 7-17.

Reinecke, T., 1998. Prograde high- to ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism and exhumation of oceanic sediments at Lago di Cignana, Zermatt-Saas Zone, Western Alps. Lithos, 42: 147-189. (doi:10.1016/S0024-4937(97)00041-8)

Rice, J. M., 1983. Metamorphism of rodingites: Part I. Phase relations in a portion of the system CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-CO2-H2O. American Journal of Science, 283(A): 121-150.

Ring, U., 1995. Horizontal contraction or horizontal extension? Heterogeneous late Eocene and early Oligocene general shearing during blueschist and greenschist facies metamorphism at the Pennine-Austroalpine boundary zone in the Western Alps. Geologische Rundschau, 84(4): 843-859. (doi:10.1007/s005310050044)

Rondolino, R., 1937. Sopra alcuni minerali della Valtournanche (Valle d'Aosta). Periodico di Mineralogia, 8: 53-56.

Rösli, U., Hoernes, S. & Köppel, V., 1991. Isotope data of metarodingites and associated rocks from the Lanzo and Bracco ophiolitic massif: indication on the evolution of the Alpino-type ultramafic-mafic complexes. Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, 71: 125-141.

Rossman, G. R. & Aines, R. D., 1991. The hydrous components in garnets: Grossular-hydrogrossular. American Mineralogist, 76: 1153-1164.

Rubatto, D., 1998. Dating of pre-Alpine magmatism, Jurassic ophiolites and Alpine subductions in the Western Alps. Ph.D. thesis, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich.

Schandl, E. S., O’Hanley, D. S. & Wicks, F. J., 1989. Rodingites in serpentinized ultramafic rocks of the Abitibi greenstone belt, Ontario. Canadian Mineralogist, 27(4): 579-591.

Spalla, M. I., Gosso, G., Marotta, A. M., Zucali, M. & Salvi, F., 2010. Analysis of natural tectonic systems coupled with numerical modelling of the polycyclic continental lithosphere of the Alps. International Geology Review, 52(10-12): 1268-1302. (doi:10.1080/00206814.2010.482737)

Spalla, M. I., Siletto, G. B., di Paola, S. & Gosso, G., 2000. The role of structural and metamorphic memory in the distinction of tectono-metamorphic units: the basement of the Como lake in the Southern Alps. Journal of Geodynamics, 30(1-2): 191-204. (doi:10.1016/S0264-3707(99)00033-2)

Spalla, M. I., Zucali, M., di Paola, S. & Gosso, G., 2005. A critical assestament of the tectono-thermal memory of rocks and definition of the tectono-metamorphic units: evidence from fabric and degree of metamorphic transformations. In: Deformation Mechanisms, Rheology and Tectonics: from Minerals to the Lithosphere (edited by Gapais, D., Brun, J. P. & Cobbold, P. R.). Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 243: 227-247.

Spear, F. S., 1993. Metamorphic phase equilibria and pressure-temperature-time paths. BookCrafters, Inc., Chelsea, Michigan.

Staub, R., 1915. Petrographische Untersuchungen im westlichen Berninagebirge. Zürcher & Furrer, Zürich.

Tsikouras, B., Karipi, S., Rigopoulos, I., Perraki, M., Pomonis, P. & Hatzipanagiotou, K., 2009. Geochemical processes and petrogenetic evolution of rodingite dykes in the ophiolite complex of Othrys (Central Greece). Lithos, 113: 540-554. (doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2009.06.013)

Turner, F. J. & Weiss, L. E., 1963. Structural analysis of metamorphic tectonites. MacGraw Hill, New York.

Van der Klauw, S. N. G. C., Reinecke, T. & Stöckhert, B., 1997. Exhumation of ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic oceanic crust from Lago di Cignana, Piemontese zone, Western Alps. Lithos, 41: 79-102. (doi:10.1016/S0024-4937(97)82006-3)

Weinschenk, E., 1894. Beiträge zur Petrographie der östlischen zentralalpen, speziell des Gross-Venedigerstokes. I. Über die Peridotite und die aus ihnen hervorgegangenen Serpentingesteine. Genetischer Zusammenhang derselben mit den sie begleitenden Minerallagerstätten. Abhandlung bayerische Akademie Wisseschaften, 18: 651-713.

Whitney, D. L. & Evans, B. W., 2010. Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95: 185-187. (doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371)

Williams, P. F., 1985. Multiply deformed terrains - problems of correlation. Journal of Structural Geology, 7(3/4): 269-280. (doi:10.1016/0191-8141(85)90035-5)