Locality

Age of rocks

Inferred rotations

Reference

Comments

Betic

External Betic

Jurassic

20˚-68˚ CW

(Osete et al. 1988)

External Betic

Late Jurassic and Late Cretaceous

>60˚ CW

(Platzman 1992)

Eastern Betic (Internal Zone), Southern Spain

Upper Jurassic (Miocene folding)

~200˚ CW

(Allerton et al. 1993)

Late Oligocene and Miocene rotations

Eastern Subbetic (External Zone), Southern Spain

Upper Jurassic (Miocene folding)

68˚±22˚ CW

(Allerton 1994)

Relative rotation of the upper limb of a southeast-vergent recumbent fold

Western Subbetic (External Zone)

Upper Jurassic (Neogene remagnitisation)

~45˚ CW

(Villalain et al. 1996)

Western Internal Zone

Oligocene – Early Miocene

90-140˚ CW

(Calvo et al. 2001)

Rif

Western External Rif

Jurassic

CCW

(Platzman 1992)

Boundary of Internal/External Zone, Rif, Morocco

Jurassic and Cretaceous

~100˚ CCW

(Platzman et al. 1993)

Balearic Islands

Mallorca

Jurassic

40˚ CW

(Freeman et al. 1989)

Mallorca and Menorca

Jurassic to Miocene

20˚ CW

(Pares et al. 1992)

Post Burdigalian rotation

Corsica and Sardinia

Western Sardinia

Middle Tertiary

30˚ CCW

(Montigny et al. 1981)

Calabria

Messina Straits

Pliocene-Pleistocene

14˚ and 36˚ CW

(Aifa et al. 1988)

Ionian and Tyrrhenian coasts

Pliocene

10˚-20˚ CW

(Scheepers et al. 1994)

Amantea basin, west Calabria

Tortonian-Messinian

19˚±11˚ CW

(Speranza et al. 2000)

Italian Peninsula

Umbria, northern Apennines

Upper Cretaceous and Paleogene

43˚ CCW

(Lowrie & Alvarez 1974)

Umbria, northern Apennines

Cretaceous and Eocene

25˚ CCW

(Lowrie & Alvarez 1975)

Post-Eocene rotations

Gran Sasso, central Apennines

Cretaceous to Pliocene

Up to 90˚ CCW

(Dela Pierre et al. 1992)

Northern Umbria, northern Apennines

Jurassic - Cretaceous

20˚ CCW

(Channell 1992)

Relative to the Southern Alps

Sant’Arcangelo basin, southern Apennines

Pliocene-Pleistocene

22˚ CCW

(Sagnotti 1992)

Apulia

Late Pliocene – Early Pleistocene

No rotation

(Scheepers 1992)

Sant’Arcangelo basin, southern Apennines

Late Pliocene – Early  Pleistocene

23˚ CCW

(Scheepers et al. 1993)

Central Tyrrhenian coast

Plio-Pleistocene

No rotation

(Sagnotti et al. 1994)

Southern Apennines

Late Miocene – middle Pliocene

39˚ CCW

(Scheepers & Langereis 1994)

Central Apennines

Eocene - Oligocene

35˚±5˚ CCW

(Mattei et al. 1995)

Relative to Africa

Central Apennines

Early-Middle Miocene

12˚±13˚ CW

(Mattei et al. 1995)

Relative to Africa

Tyrrhenian coast, northern Apennines

Late Messinian –Pliocene

No rotation

(Mattei et al. 1996)

Monte Matese region, southern Apennines

Miocene

40˚ CCW

(Iorio et al. 1996)

Relative to Apulia

Sibillini-Cingoli, northern Apennines

Messinian

15˚ CW

(Speranza et al. 1997)

Marche-Romagna, northern Apennines

Messinian

~ 20˚ CCW

(Speranza et al. 1997)

Molise region, central Apennines

Late Miocene

35˚ CCW

(Speranza et al. 1998)

Bologna region, northern Apennines

Early Oligocene

52˚ CCW

(Muttoni et al. 2000)

Bologna region, northern Apennines

Late Miocene

28˚ CCW

(Muttoni et al. 2000)

Central northern Apennines

Early Pleistocene

23˚ CCW

(Sagnotti et al. 2000)

Sicily

Iblean platform, SE Sicily

Upper Miocene - Pliocene

15˚ CW

(Besse et al. 1984)

Relative to Africa

Northwest Sicily

Triassic - Cretaceous

90˚-140˚ CW

(Channell et al. 1990)

Relative to the Iblean platform

West Sicily

Upper Triassic to Middle Liassic

47˚-70˚ CW

(Channell et al. 1990)

Relative to the Iblean platform

Southwest Sicily

Pliocene

24˚ CW

(Scheepers & Langereis 1993)

SW Sicily

Lower Pliocene - Pleistocene

25˚-56˚ CW

(Speranza et al. 1999)

SW Sicily

Upper Tortonian

~30˚ CCW

(Speranza et al. 1999)